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Math lesson 252 · Calculations

Debit and Credit Rules for Closing Math

A debit is an amount charged to a party. A credit is an amount given to a party or already paid on that party's behalf. For a proration, identify who used the property or service and who currently holds or owes the money. The same adjustment normally appears as a debit to one party and an equal credit to the other.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

A debit is an amount charged to a party. A credit is an amount given to a party or already paid on that party's behalf. For a proration, identify who used the property or service and who currently holds or owes the money. The same adjustment normally appears as a debit to one party and an equal credit to the other.
Official syllabus mapping for Debit and Credit Rules for Closing Math
Roadmap post252 of 500
Official syllabus topicXI.A Calculations for Transactions: seller net, buyer funds, prorations, and transfer fees
Official PSI areaReal Estate Calculations
Published weight7% of the 100-question national portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Content checked throughAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes a weight for the complete official area, not a guaranteed count for this individual calculation. Follow the stated facts, units, time basis, and rounding instruction.

Formula and variables

Balanced closing adjustment: One party's debit = the other party's equal credit for the same proration
Variables used in Balanced closing adjustment
Symbol or termMeaning
DebitAn amount that increases what a party owes or reduces that party's proceeds
CreditAn amount that reduces what a party owes or increases that party's proceeds
Payment timingWhether the item was paid in advance or remains unpaid in arrears

Step-by-step method

  1. Identify the party, item, ownership period, and whether it is paid in advance or arrears.
  2. Ask who currently has the money or who will receive the future bill.
  3. Charge the party who owes the adjustment with a debit.
  4. Give the other party an equal credit.
  5. Place buyer acquisition funds, loan proceeds, deposits, and seller payoff or costs in their correct columns without forcing them into proration logic.

Georgia-specific distinction

A Georgia closing attorney prepares the settlement entries, but the contract and actual payment status control allocation. Georgia DOR says property taxes are charged against the January 1 owner and the property, yet the purchase contract may prorate the economic burden between seller and buyer.

Worked examples

Example 1: Unpaid taxes in arrears

Scenario. The seller's $1,500 share of current-year property taxes is unpaid, and the buyer will later receive the bill.

  1. Seller used the property during the allocated period.
  2. Buyer will face the bill after closing.
  3. Debit seller $1,500 and credit buyer $1,500.

Answer. Seller debit $1,500; buyer credit $1,500.

Reasonableness check. The entries balance and put money with the person who will pay the future bill.

Example 2: Rent collected in advance

Scenario. The seller collected $900 rent for days after closing that belong to the buyer.

  1. Seller currently holds money earned during the buyer's ownership period.
  2. Debit seller $900 and credit buyer $900.

Answer. Seller debit $900; buyer credit $900.

Reasonableness check. The buyer receives the income belonging to the buyer's period without collecting it twice from the tenant.

Common exam traps

  • Memorizing that taxes always produce one direction without checking payment status
  • Giving both parties a debit or both parties a credit for one proration
  • Treating a buyer deposit as a new cash debit
  • Assuming local custom overrides the allocation stated in the question

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These original instructional questions map to the July 1, 2026 PSI outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Write the setup before opening the explanation.

Question 1

Unpaid taxes attributable to the seller's ownership will be paid later by the buyer. What is the entry?

  1. A. Debit buyer, credit seller
  2. B. Debit seller, credit buyer
  3. C. Debit both
  4. D. Credit both
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. Debit seller, credit buyer

The seller owes for the seller period, while the buyer will receive the bill. Debit seller and credit buyer.

Question 2

The seller prepaid an annual service and the buyer receives $600 of benefit after closing. What is the usual proration entry?

  1. A. Credit seller, debit buyer
  2. B. Debit seller, credit buyer
  3. C. Credit both
  4. D. No entry
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Credit seller, debit buyer

The seller paid for the buyer's future benefit, so the buyer reimburses the seller: buyer debit and seller credit.

Question 3

What must be true of a two-party proration entry on a balanced settlement statement?

  1. A. Both parties receive credits
  2. B. Both parties receive debits
  3. C. One debit equals the other credit
  4. D. The loan amount changes
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. One debit equals the other credit

The same adjustment transfers value between parties, so the debit and credit are equal.

Mastery tracking

Mark this calculation mastered only when every statement is true.

  • I define debit and credit from each party's perspective.
  • I determine whether an item is paid in advance or arrears.
  • I can explain who holds the money and who used the benefit.
  • I balance each two-party proration.
  • I follow the stated contract facts instead of a memorized local custom.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Percent, Decimal, and Fraction Conversions. Eliminate the conversion errors that corrupt otherwise correct setups.

Return to the complete calculation hub, formula sheet, or mixed math drill.

Debit and Credit Rules for Closing Math questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Debit and Credit Rules for Closing Math on the Georgia real estate exam?

It maps to XI.A Calculations for Transactions: seller net, buyer funds, prorations, and transfer fees in the official Real Estate Calculations area. PSI assigns 7% of the 100-question national portion to the complete area but does not guarantee a count for this individual formula.

What formula should I use for Debit and Credit Rules for Closing Math?

One party's debit = the other party's equal credit for the same proration

What Georgia-specific point should I remember?

A Georgia closing attorney prepares the settlement entries, but the contract and actual payment status control allocation. Georgia DOR says property taxes are charged against the January 1 owner and the property, yet the purchase contract may prorate the economic burden between seller and buyer.

Can I use a calculator on the Georgia real estate exam?

PSI provides an online calculator during the examination. Handheld calculators are prohibited. Write the setup and label the units before entering numbers.