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Math lesson · Calculations

Equity Calculations

Owner equity is current market value minus the current balances of debts secured by the property. Equity changes when value changes, principal is repaid, or additional liens are added. It is not automatically the original down payment or the difference between purchase price and original loan.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Owner equity is current market value minus the current balances of debts secured by the property. Equity changes when value changes, principal is repaid, or additional liens are added. It is not automatically the original down payment or the difference between purchase price and original loan.
Official syllabus mapping for Equity Calculations
Official syllabus topicXI.B.1 General Concepts: Equity
Official PSI areaReal Estate Calculations
Published weight7% of the 100-question national portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes a weight for the complete official area, not a guaranteed count for this individual calculation. Follow the stated facts, units, time basis, and rounding instruction.

Formula and variables

Owner equity: Equity = current market value - current secured debt; value = equity + debt
Variables used in Owner equity
Symbol or termMeaning
Current market valueThe property's value at the time described in the question
Current secured debtOutstanding balances of all liens the problem directs you to include
EquityThe owner's residual value before selling expenses

Step-by-step method

  1. Identify the current property value, not automatically the purchase price.
  2. Add the current outstanding balances of every stated secured lien.
  3. Subtract total current secured debt from current value.
  4. If solving backward, add equity and debt to find value or subtract equity from value to find debt.
  5. Do not subtract anticipated commission or closing costs unless the question asks for net proceeds rather than equity.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia commonly secures real estate debt with a security deed, but the equity arithmetic remains value minus current secured debt. Legal title under a security deed does not make the borrower's economic equity zero.

Worked examples

Example 1: First and second liens

Scenario. A property is worth $465,000. The first-loan balance is $278,000 and a home-equity lien balance is $32,000.

  1. Total secured debt = $278,000 + $32,000 = $310,000.
  2. Equity = $465,000 - $310,000 = $155,000.

Answer. The owner has $155,000 equity.

Reasonableness check. Debt plus equity equals the $465,000 current value.

Example 2: Find value from equity

Scenario. An owner has $94,000 equity and a current secured loan balance of $226,000.

  1. Value = equity + debt.
  2. $94,000 + $226,000 = $320,000.

Answer. The property's implied current value is $320,000.

Reasonableness check. $320,000 - $226,000 returns the $94,000 equity.

Common exam traps

  • Using the original purchase price instead of current value
  • Using the original loan amount instead of current balance
  • Forgetting a second secured lien
  • Subtracting sales costs when the question asks for equity, not seller net

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These original instructional questions map to the July 1, 2026 PSI outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Write the setup before opening the explanation.

Question 1

An owner bought for $300,000 with a $270,000 loan. The home is now worth $385,000, the first-mortgage balance is $251,000, and a home-equity line has a $22,000 balance. What is current equity?

  1. A. $30,000
  2. B. $112,000
  3. C. $115,000
  4. D. $134,000
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. $112,000

Equity is current value minus all current secured debt: $385,000 - $273,000 = $112,000. $134,000 forgets the home-equity line, which is also secured by the property. $115,000 uses the original loan instead of the current balances.

Question 2

An owner has $140,000 of equity. The first-mortgage balance is $215,000 and a second-mortgage balance is $35,000. What current value is implied?

  1. A. $110,000
  2. B. $250,000
  3. C. $355,000
  4. D. $390,000
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: D. $390,000

Value = equity + all secured debt = $140,000 + $215,000 + $35,000 = $390,000. $355,000 leaves out the second mortgage. $250,000 is the total debt alone, without the owner's equity.

Question 3

A home is worth $420,000 and the loan balance is $260,000. If sold, the seller would pay a 6% commission and $4,000 of other costs. The question asks for current equity. What is it?

  1. A. $130,800
  2. B. $134,800
  3. C. $160,000
  4. D. $189,200
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. $160,000

Equity is value minus secured debt: $420,000 - $260,000 = $160,000. $130,800 subtracts the $29,200 of selling costs, which answers a seller-net question rather than the one asked. Selling costs do not reduce equity until a sale actually happens.

Ready to move on?

You have this calculation down when all of these are true.

  • I use current value and current lien balances.
  • I include multiple secured debts when stated.
  • I can rearrange equity, value, and debt.
  • I distinguish equity from down payment and seller net.
  • I verify that debt plus equity equals value.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Sections, Townships, Acres, and Square Miles. The next lesson moves from dollars of ownership to acres of land, reading government-survey fractions down from a 640-acre section.

Return to the complete calculation hub, formula sheet, or mixed math drill.

Equity Calculations questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

Is Equity Calculations on the Georgia real estate exam?

It maps to XI.B.1 General Concepts: Equity in the official Real Estate Calculations area. PSI assigns 7% of the 100-question national portion to the complete area but does not guarantee a count for this individual formula.

What formula should I use for Equity Calculations?

Equity = current market value - current secured debt; value = equity + debt

What Georgia-specific point should I remember?

Georgia commonly secures real estate debt with a security deed, but the equity arithmetic remains value minus current secured debt. Legal title under a security deed does not make the borrower's economic equity zero.

Can I use a calculator on the Georgia real estate exam?

PSI provides an online calculator during the examination. Handheld calculators are prohibited. Write the setup and label the units before entering numbers.