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Math lesson 237 · Calculations

Gross Rent Multiplier

Gross rent multiplier is sale price divided by gross rent for the same period. Estimate value by multiplying the subject's gross rent by a market-derived GRM. GRM uses gross rent and ignores operating expenses, unlike direct capitalization, which uses net operating income.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Gross rent multiplier is sale price divided by gross rent for the same period. Estimate value by multiplying the subject's gross rent by a market-derived GRM. GRM uses gross rent and ignores operating expenses, unlike direct capitalization, which uses net operating income.
Official syllabus mapping for Gross Rent Multiplier
Roadmap post237 of 500
Official syllabus topicValuation and General Calculations: income-based multipliers and rate of return
Official PSI areaReal Estate Calculations
Published weight7% of the 100-question national portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Content checked throughAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes a weight for the complete official area, not a guaranteed count for this individual calculation. Follow the stated facts, units, time basis, and rounding instruction.

Formula and variables

Gross rent multiplier: GRM = sale price / gross rent; estimated value = gross rent x GRM
Variables used in Gross rent multiplier
Symbol or termMeaning
Sale pricePrice of a comparable income property used to derive the multiplier
Gross rentRent before operating expenses, using the same monthly or annual period throughout
GRMA market multiplier with no percent sign

Step-by-step method

  1. Confirm whether every rent amount is monthly or annual.
  2. Derive the GRM from a comparable sale by dividing its price by its gross rent.
  3. Apply that multiplier to the subject property's gross rent for the same period.
  4. Keep GRM as a multiplier, not a percentage or capitalization rate.
  5. Use NOI and cap rate instead if the question supplies net income and asks for direct capitalization.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia does not change the GRM formula. Use market evidence appropriate to the property and the period stated. A local rent level is not a Georgia statutory constant, and the exam must supply the numbers needed for the calculation.

Worked examples

Example 1: Monthly GRM

Scenario. A comparable duplex sold for $288,000 and produces $2,400 gross rent each month. The subject produces $2,650 monthly.

  1. GRM = $288,000 / $2,400 = 120.
  2. Subject value = $2,650 x 120 = $318,000.

Answer. The GRM estimate is $318,000.

Reasonableness check. The subject earns about 10.4% more monthly rent, so its indicated value is about 10.4% above the comparable price.

Example 2: Annual GRM

Scenario. A small property sold for $420,000 and has $35,000 annual gross rent.

  1. Annual GRM = $420,000 / $35,000 = 12.
  2. The answer is a multiplier, not 12%.

Answer. The annual GRM is 12.

Reasonableness check. Using monthly rent of about $2,916.67 would produce a monthly GRM of 144, which is 12 times the annual GRM.

Common exam traps

  • Mixing annual price-to-rent data with monthly rent
  • Using NOI instead of gross rent
  • Writing a percent sign after GRM
  • Dividing rent by price and accidentally calculating a gross yield

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These original instructional questions map to the July 1, 2026 PSI outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Write the setup before opening the explanation.

Question 1

A comparable sells for $300,000 and rents for $2,500 monthly. What is the monthly GRM?

  1. A. 8.33
  2. B. 100
  3. C. 120
  4. D. 1,200
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. 120

$300,000 / $2,500 = 120. GRM is a multiplier, not a percentage.

Question 2

A market monthly GRM is 110 and the subject's monthly gross rent is $2,800. What value is indicated?

  1. A. $25,455
  2. B. $280,000
  3. C. $308,000
  4. D. $336,000
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. $308,000

Value = rent x GRM = $2,800 x 110 = $308,000.

Question 3

Which input distinguishes GRM from capitalization rate?

  1. A. GRM uses gross rent; cap rate uses NOI
  2. B. GRM uses NOI; cap rate uses gross rent
  3. C. Both use debt service
  4. D. Both are always percentages
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. GRM uses gross rent; cap rate uses NOI

GRM is a gross-income multiplier. Direct capitalization uses net operating income and a rate.

Mastery tracking

Mark this calculation mastered only when every statement is true.

  • I keep monthly and annual rent periods consistent.
  • I derive GRM as price divided by gross rent.
  • I apply GRM by multiplying the subject's gross rent.
  • I never attach a percent sign to GRM.
  • I can explain why GRM is less precise than a calculation using NOI.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Capitalization Rate and Value. Replace gross rent with NOI and a market rate.

Return to the complete calculation hub, formula sheet, or mixed math drill.

Gross Rent Multiplier questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Gross Rent Multiplier on the Georgia real estate exam?

It maps to Valuation and General Calculations: income-based multipliers and rate of return in the official Real Estate Calculations area. PSI assigns 7% of the 100-question national portion to the complete area but does not guarantee a count for this individual formula.

What formula should I use for Gross Rent Multiplier?

GRM = sale price / gross rent; estimated value = gross rent x GRM

What Georgia-specific point should I remember?

Georgia does not change the GRM formula. Use market evidence appropriate to the property and the period stated. A local rent level is not a Georgia statutory constant, and the exam must supply the numbers needed for the calculation.

Can I use a calculator on the Georgia real estate exam?

PSI provides an online calculator during the examination. Handheld calculators are prohibited. Write the setup and label the units before entering numbers.