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Math lesson 236 · Calculations

Debt-to-Income and Buyer-Qualification Ratios

Debt-to-income is monthly debt obligations divided by gross monthly income. A housing or front-end ratio uses the proposed monthly housing expense. A total or back-end ratio uses housing expense plus recurring monthly debts. Use any qualification limit stated in the question because lenders and loan programs can use different limits.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Debt-to-income is monthly debt obligations divided by gross monthly income. A housing or front-end ratio uses the proposed monthly housing expense. A total or back-end ratio uses housing expense plus recurring monthly debts. Use any qualification limit stated in the question because lenders and loan programs can use different limits.
Official syllabus mapping for Debt-to-Income and Buyer-Qualification Ratios
Roadmap post236 of 500
Official syllabus topicFinancing and Real Estate Calculations: borrower qualification and ratio application
Official PSI areaReal Estate Calculations
Published weight7% of the 100-question national portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Content checked throughAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes a weight for the complete official area, not a guaranteed count for this individual calculation. Follow the stated facts, units, time basis, and rounding instruction.

Formula and variables

Debt-to-income ratio: Housing ratio = monthly housing expense / gross monthly income; total DTI = monthly housing expense + recurring monthly debts / gross monthly income
Variables used in Debt-to-income ratio
Symbol or termMeaning
Monthly housing expenseThe housing payment components the question directs you to include
Recurring monthly debtsRequired monthly debt obligations stated in the problem
Gross monthly incomeQualifying monthly income before taxes and deductions

Step-by-step method

  1. Convert annual gross income to monthly income by dividing by 12 when necessary.
  2. Identify whether the question asks for the housing ratio or total DTI.
  3. Add only the recurring monthly obligations stated for the requested ratio.
  4. Divide the correct monthly obligation total by gross monthly income and convert to a percentage.
  5. Compare the result with a qualification limit only when the question supplies that limit.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia does not create one universal DTI ceiling for every mortgage. Product rules, lender standards, verified income, and current underwriting control. For exam math, never memorize an old 28/36 pair as though it guarantees approval. Follow the ratio and limit stated.

Worked examples

Example 1: Housing and total ratios

Scenario. A buyer earns $84,000 gross annually. Proposed monthly housing expense is $1,820. Other recurring monthly debts total $630.

  1. Gross monthly income = $84,000 / 12 = $7,000.
  2. Housing ratio = $1,820 / $7,000 = 0.26, or 26%.
  3. Total monthly obligations = $1,820 + $630 = $2,450.
  4. Total DTI = $2,450 / $7,000 = 0.35, or 35%.

Answer. The housing ratio is 26% and total DTI is 35%.

Reasonableness check. Total DTI must be at least as high as the housing ratio because it includes additional debts.

Example 2: Maximum payment under a stated ratio

Scenario. A question allows a 30% housing ratio for a borrower with $6,400 gross monthly income.

  1. Maximum housing expense = income x allowed ratio.
  2. $6,400 x 0.30 = $1,920.

Answer. The maximum monthly housing expense under the stated ratio is $1,920.

Reasonableness check. $1,920 is 30 cents of every $1 of $6,400 monthly income.

Common exam traps

  • Dividing by net take-home pay when the question requires gross income
  • Leaving annual income in the denominator while using monthly debts
  • Using housing expense alone for a total DTI question
  • Assuming a fixed approval threshold that the question never states

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These original instructional questions map to the July 1, 2026 PSI outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Write the setup before opening the explanation.

Question 1

A borrower has $5,500 gross monthly income, $1,500 housing expense, and $425 other monthly debts. What is total DTI?

  1. A. 27.3%
  2. B. 32.5%
  3. C. 35.0%
  4. D. 45.0%
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. 35.0%

Total obligations are $1,925. Divide $1,925 by $5,500 to get 0.35, or 35%.

Question 2

Which amount belongs in the denominator of a standard DTI exam calculation?

  1. A. Gross monthly income
  2. B. Net monthly income
  3. C. Property value
  4. D. Loan amount
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Gross monthly income

DTI compares monthly debt obligations with gross monthly income.

Question 3

A buyer earns $96,000 gross annually. Under a stated 25% housing ratio, what monthly housing expense is allowed?

  1. A. $1,600
  2. B. $2,000
  3. C. $2,400
  4. D. $24,000
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. $2,000

$96,000 / 12 = $8,000 monthly. $8,000 x 0.25 = $2,000.

Mastery tracking

Mark this calculation mastered only when every statement is true.

  • I match monthly debts with monthly gross income.
  • I can separate housing ratio from total DTI.
  • I can solve a ratio forward and backward.
  • I do not substitute net income for gross income.
  • I use a stated underwriting limit without presenting it as universal.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Gross Rent Multiplier. Move from borrower ratios to income-property ratios.

Return to the complete calculation hub, formula sheet, or mixed math drill.

Debt-to-Income and Buyer-Qualification Ratios questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Debt-to-Income and Buyer-Qualification Ratios on the Georgia real estate exam?

It maps to Financing and Real Estate Calculations: borrower qualification and ratio application in the official Real Estate Calculations area. PSI assigns 7% of the 100-question national portion to the complete area but does not guarantee a count for this individual formula.

What formula should I use for Debt-to-Income and Buyer-Qualification Ratios?

Housing ratio = monthly housing expense / gross monthly income; total DTI = monthly housing expense + recurring monthly debts / gross monthly income

What Georgia-specific point should I remember?

Georgia does not create one universal DTI ceiling for every mortgage. Product rules, lender standards, verified income, and current underwriting control. For exam math, never memorize an old 28/36 pair as though it guarantees approval. Follow the ratio and limit stated.

Can I use a calculator on the Georgia real estate exam?

PSI provides an online calculator during the examination. Handheld calculators are prohibited. Write the setup and label the units before entering numbers.