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National curriculum lesson 90 · Agency

Creation and Types of Agency

Agency is a fiduciary relationship in which an agent is authorized to act for a principal. It may arise by express agreement, conduct implying consent, ratification, or estoppel under applicable law. A special agent has limited authority, a general agent has ongoing authority in a field, and a universal agent has broad authority. Representation can involve seller, buyer, landlord, tenant, disclosed dual agency, designated agency, or subagency.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Agency is a fiduciary relationship in which an agent is authorized to act for a principal. It may arise by express agreement, conduct implying consent, ratification, or estoppel under applicable law. A special agent has limited authority, a general agent has ongoing authority in a field, and a universal agent has broad authority. Representation can involve seller, buyer, landlord, tenant, disclosed dual agency, designated agency, or subagency.
Official syllabus mapping for Creation and Types of Agency
Roadmap lesson90 of 500
Official syllabus topicCreation and Types of Agency
Official PSI areaAgency
Published area weight13% of the 100-question national portion
Exam portionNational salesperson portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Last verifiedAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes the weight for the complete content area, not a fixed question count for this lesson. Learn the rule well enough to apply it when PSI changes names, numbers, or parties in a new scenario.

Complete lesson

Read each concept as part of one decision system. The exam often gives one accurate statement and three statements that belong to a nearby concept.

Creation

Express agency is stated orally or in writing, though brokerage representation agreements may require writing. Implied agency can arise from conduct, ratification from later approval, and estoppel from representations reasonably relied upon.

Scope of authority

A special agent handles a limited transaction or act. A general agent manages a series of matters, such as property management. Universal authority is exceptionally broad and typically created by a power of attorney.

Parties represented

A listing brokerage represents a seller or landlord, while a buyer- or tenant-broker agreement creates representation on the other side. Cooperating with another brokerage does not by itself decide agency.

Multiple-party structures

Dual agency represents both sides with informed consent and limited advocacy. Designated agency assigns different affiliated licensees where permitted. Subagency creates duties to another broker's principal.

Decision rule

Identify the principal, the source and scope of authority, and every required disclosure and consent.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia's Brokerage Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, or BRRETA, centers brokerage relationships on written agreements and required disclosures. Georgia permits disclosed dual agency and designated agency under statutory conditions; never infer them merely because one firm is involved.

Worked example

Scenario. A broker has a written listing agreement authorizing marketing and negotiation for one property.

Reason it through. The seller is the principal, and the broker's authority is limited to the transaction and the agreement's terms.

Answer. The broker is a special agent representing the seller.

Common exam traps

  • Assuming MLS cooperation creates subagency
  • Treating a customer as a client
  • Assuming one firm always means dual agency
  • Creating implied representation through careless advice

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These questions were written for instruction and mapped to the current outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.

Question 1

Which agent has limited authority for a transaction?

  1. A. Special agent
  2. B. Universal agent
  3. C. General agent
  4. D. Customer
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Special agent

A real estate broker in a purchase or listing transaction is commonly a special agent.

Question 2

What can create agency after an unauthorized act is approved?

  1. A. Ratification
  2. B. Escheat
  3. C. Novation only
  4. D. Foreclosure
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Ratification

A principal's later approval can ratify the act and create agency consequences.

Question 3

Does cooperation between brokers automatically create subagency?

  1. A. Yes
  2. B. No
  3. C. Only for leases
  4. D. Only if commission is shared
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. No

Agency depends on the governing agreements and disclosures, not cooperation or compensation alone.

Mastery tracking

Mark this lesson mastered only when every statement is true.

  • State the direct answer and decision rule without notes.
  • Explain every core concept in plain English.
  • Solve the worked example after changing one important fact.
  • Identify the Georgia distinction before reading answer choices.
  • Answer all three questions correctly and reject every distractor.
  • Repeat the topic in mixed practice on a later day.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Brokerage Representation Agreements. Continue to roadmap lesson 91 and build on this decision rule.

Return to the Agency hub to see every official branch and the complete lesson sequence for this content area.

Creation and Types of Agency questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Creation and Types of Agency on the Georgia real estate exam?

Yes. It belongs to PSI's Agency content area, which is 13% of the 100-question national portion. PSI publishes content-area weights, not a guaranteed question count for this individual lesson.

What is the main rule for Creation and Types of Agency?

Identify the principal, the source and scope of authority, and every required disclosure and consent.

What Georgia-specific distinction should I remember?

Georgia's Brokerage Relationships in Real Estate Transactions Act, or BRRETA, centers brokerage relationships on written agreements and required disclosures. Georgia permits disclosed dual agency and designated agency under statutory conditions; never infer them merely because one firm is involved.

How do I know I have mastered this lesson?

Explain the rule without notes, solve the worked example again with changed facts, answer all original questions correctly, explain every distractor, and repeat mixed practice on a later day.