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National curriculum lesson · Contracts

Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights

An option gives the optionee the right, but not the obligation, to buy or lease on stated terms within a stated time. The optionor must keep the offer available according to the option agreement. A right of first refusal becomes exercisable when the owner decides to accept an outside transaction, while a right of first offer requires the owner to approach the holder first under its terms.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

An option gives the optionee the right, but not the obligation, to buy or lease on stated terms within a stated time. The optionor must keep the offer available according to the option agreement. A right of first refusal becomes exercisable when the owner decides to accept an outside transaction, while a right of first offer requires the owner to approach the holder first under its terms.
Official syllabus mapping for Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights
Official syllabus topicOptions, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights
Official PSI areaContracts
Published area weight19% of the 100-question national portion
Exam portionNational salesperson portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes the weight for the complete content area, not a fixed question count for this lesson. Learn the rule well enough to apply it when PSI changes names, numbers, or parties in a new scenario.

The lesson

These ideas work together. On the exam, the wrong answers usually describe a nearby concept, so learn where each one stops.

Option structure

An enforceable option needs sufficiently definite terms and consideration or another legal basis. Before exercise, the optionee can choose whether to create the underlying purchase contract.

Exercise

The holder must exercise exactly as the option requires, including time, notice, delivery, and payment conditions. Late or altered exercise can fail.

Right of first refusal

The right generally allows the holder to match or accept specified terms when the owner elects to transact with a third party.

Right of first offer

The owner must offer the opportunity to the holder before marketing or accepting from others, according to the negotiated process.

Decision rule

Ask whether fixed terms are open now, an outside offer has triggered a matching right, or the owner must negotiate with the holder first.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia writing, recording, duration, and contract rules can affect these interests. Licensees should use appropriate forms and obtain legal drafting for custom option or preemptive-right provisions.

Worked example

Scenario. An owner grants a buyer the right for 60 days to purchase at $300,000, and the buyer is free not to exercise.

Reason it through. The owner is bound to keep the stated opportunity open while the buyer retains a choice.

Answer. This is an option.

Common exam traps

  • Calling an option a completed sale
  • Ignoring consideration and form
  • Confusing first refusal with fixed-price option
  • Exercising after expiration

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These questions were written for instruction and mapped to the current outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.

Question 1

A tenant's lease gives a right of first refusal to buy the home. The owner receives a $310,000 outside offer and wants to accept it. What does the tenant's right allow?

  1. A. Buying at a price set by an appraisal
  2. B. Matching the $310,000 terms before the sale
  3. C. Buying at the price when the lease began
  4. D. Blocking any sale until the lease ends
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. Matching the $310,000 terms before the sale

A right of first refusal is triggered when the owner decides to accept an outside deal, and it lets the holder match those terms. The fixed-price answer describes an option, which is the right candidates most often confuse with first refusal.

Question 2

An option gives a buyer 60 days to purchase at $300,000 by written notice delivered to the seller. The buyer sends notice on day 62. What is the result?

  1. A. Exercise is valid, since notice was sent
  2. B. The seller must allow a reasonable extension
  3. C. The option becomes a right of first refusal
  4. D. Exercise fails because the option expired
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: D. Exercise fails because the option expired

An option must be exercised exactly as its terms require, including the deadline, and this notice came after the option lapsed. Sending notice is the plausible reason to call it valid, but late exercise does not create the purchase contract.

Question 3

Under which arrangement must an owner offer the property to the holder before marketing it to anyone else?

  1. A. Option to purchase
  2. B. Right of first refusal
  3. C. Right of first offer
  4. D. Exclusive-agency listing
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. Right of first offer

A right of first offer requires the owner to approach the holder first, before seeking outside buyers. Right of first refusal is the wrong choice, but that right waits for an outside offer and then lets the holder match it.

Ready to move on?

You are ready for the next lesson when all of these are true.

  • Explain Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights in one clear answer without notes.
  • Separate Option structure from Exercise using a fresh example.
  • Apply the decision rule to a new fact pattern and name the fact that controls the result.
  • State the Georgia-specific point or explain why the national rule applies unchanged.
  • Answer every practice question and explain the rule each rejected option misapplies.
  • Revisit this topic later in mixed practice without category labels.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Purchase Agreements and Addenda. Exercising an option creates a purchase contract, so the next lesson walks through what that agreement must cover, from earnest money and contingencies to included fixtures, and when to use an addendum versus an amendment.

Return to the Contracts hub to see every official branch and the complete lesson sequence for this content area.

Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

Is Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights on the Georgia real estate exam?

Yes. It belongs to PSI's Contracts content area, which is 19% of the 100-question national portion. PSI publishes content-area weights, not a guaranteed question count for this individual lesson.

What is the main rule for Options, Rights of First Refusal, and Related Rights?

Ask whether fixed terms are open now, an outside offer has triggered a matching right, or the owner must negotiate with the holder first.

What Georgia-specific distinction should I remember?

Georgia writing, recording, duration, and contract rules can affect these interests. Licensees should use appropriate forms and obtain legal drafting for custom option or preemptive-right provisions.