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National curriculum lesson 71 · Financing

Basic Real Estate Financing Concepts

Real estate financing exchanges current loan funds for repayment of principal plus interest. Equity is value minus debt. Loan-to-value ratio is loan amount divided by value or purchase price under the lender's rule. Amortization repays debt through scheduled installments, while leverage uses borrowed funds to control an asset and increases both potential return and risk.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Real estate financing exchanges current loan funds for repayment of principal plus interest. Equity is value minus debt. Loan-to-value ratio is loan amount divided by value or purchase price under the lender's rule. Amortization repays debt through scheduled installments, while leverage uses borrowed funds to control an asset and increases both potential return and risk.
Official syllabus mapping for Basic Real Estate Financing Concepts
Roadmap lesson71 of 500
Official syllabus topicBasic Real Estate Financing Concepts
Official PSI areaFinancing
Published area weight10% of the 100-question national portion
Exam portionNational salesperson portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Last verifiedAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes the weight for the complete content area, not a fixed question count for this lesson. Learn the rule well enough to apply it when PSI changes names, numbers, or parties in a new scenario.

Complete lesson

Read each concept as part of one decision system. The exam often gives one accurate statement and three statements that belong to a nearby concept.

Principal and interest

Principal is the amount borrowed or unpaid balance. Interest is the charge for using funds. The note states the rate, payment method, and maturity.

Equity and LTV

Owner equity is market value minus liens. LTV compares the loan to the lender's accepted value base and helps measure collateral risk.

Payments and reserves

PITI refers to principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. A lender may collect escrow installments for taxes and insurance in addition to principal and interest.

Mortgage markets

Primary-market lenders originate loans to borrowers. Secondary-market participants buy and sell existing mortgage loans or interests in them, supporting liquidity.

Decision rule

Write the financing formula from the requested quantity, then distinguish debt cost from property value and equity.

Georgia-specific distinction

The national concepts apply to Georgia transactions. Actual lender ratios, fees, escrow policies, and program rules depend on the product and current underwriting, so exam formulas should not be presented as universal loan approval standards.

Worked example

Scenario. A home is valued at $400,000 and secures a $320,000 loan.

Reason it through. LTV is $320,000 divided by $400,000. Equity before other liens is value minus debt.

Answer. LTV is 80%, and the owner's equity is $80,000.

Common exam traps

  • Dividing value by loan for LTV
  • Calling equity cash in a bank account
  • Treating PITI as principal and interest only
  • Assuming leverage removes risk

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These questions were written for instruction and mapped to the current outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.

Question 1

A $270,000 loan finances a $300,000 value. What is LTV?

  1. A. 10%
  2. B. 30%
  3. C. 90%
  4. D. 111%
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. 90%

$270,000 divided by $300,000 equals 90%.

Question 2

Where are loans originated directly to borrowers?

  1. A. Primary mortgage market
  2. B. Secondary mortgage market
  3. C. County plat office
  4. D. Appraisal board
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Primary mortgage market

Primary-market lenders make loans to consumers; the secondary market trades existing mortgage assets.

Question 3

What does amortization do?

  1. A. Schedules repayment over time
  2. B. Transfers title
  3. C. Changes zoning
  4. D. Eliminates interest
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. Schedules repayment over time

Amortization allocates scheduled payments to interest and principal over a repayment period.

Mastery tracking

Mark this lesson mastered only when every statement is true.

  • State the direct answer and decision rule without notes.
  • Explain every core concept in plain English.
  • Solve the worked example after changing one important fact.
  • Identify the Georgia distinction before reading answer choices.
  • Answer all three questions correctly and reject every distractor.
  • Repeat the topic in mixed practice on a later day.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Mortgage Underwriting and Loan Qualification. Continue to roadmap lesson 72 and build on this decision rule.

Return to the Financing hub to see every official branch and the complete lesson sequence for this content area.

Basic Real Estate Financing Concepts questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Basic Real Estate Financing Concepts on the Georgia real estate exam?

Yes. It belongs to PSI's Financing content area, which is 10% of the 100-question national portion. PSI publishes content-area weights, not a guaranteed question count for this individual lesson.

What is the main rule for Basic Real Estate Financing Concepts?

Write the financing formula from the requested quantity, then distinguish debt cost from property value and equity.

What Georgia-specific distinction should I remember?

The national concepts apply to Georgia transactions. Actual lender ratios, fees, escrow policies, and program rules depend on the product and current underwriting, so exam formulas should not be presented as universal loan approval standards.

How do I know I have mastered this lesson?

Explain the rule without notes, solve the worked example again with changed facts, answer all original questions correctly, explain every distractor, and repeat mixed practice on a later day.