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National curriculum lesson 52 · Property Ownership

Metes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning

A metes-and-bounds description starts at a point of beginning and traces the parcel boundary through calls using direction, distance, and monuments before returning to that same point. Metes are measurements; bounds are boundary features. A valid description should close, and controlling monuments can outweigh conflicting measurements.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

A metes-and-bounds description starts at a point of beginning and traces the parcel boundary through calls using direction, distance, and monuments before returning to that same point. Metes are measurements; bounds are boundary features. A valid description should close, and controlling monuments can outweigh conflicting measurements.
Official syllabus mapping for Metes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning
Roadmap lesson52 of 500
Official syllabus topicMetes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning
Official PSI areaProperty Ownership
Published area weight10% of the 100-question national portion
Exam portionNational salesperson portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026
Last verifiedAugust 2, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes the weight for the complete content area, not a fixed question count for this lesson. Learn the rule well enough to apply it when PSI changes names, numbers, or parties in a new scenario.

Complete lesson

Read each concept as part of one decision system. The exam often gives one accurate statement and three statements that belong to a nearby concept.

Point of beginning

The description reaches a definite starting point, then follows the parcel perimeter. The final call should return to the point of beginning so the description closes.

Metes and bounds

Metes state distance and direction. Bounds refer to adjoining owners, roads, waterways, monuments, or other boundary features.

Bearings

A bearing such as N 35° E begins at north and turns 35 degrees toward east. The first and last letters identify the quadrant.

Monuments

Natural monuments include rivers and trees; artificial monuments include pins and marked stones. Questions may ask which call controls when evidence conflicts.

Closure

A description that does not return to its point of beginning may contain an error or omit a boundary call.

Decision rule

Find the point of beginning, trace each call in order, and confirm the last call closes the parcel.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia deed descriptions often use metes and bounds tied to recorded plats or survey monuments. Candidates do not need to conduct a survey, but they should recognize why a boundary discrepancy belongs with a licensed surveyor and closing attorney.

Worked example

Scenario. A description begins at an iron pin, runs north 200 feet, east 100 feet, south 200 feet, and west 90 feet to the stated point of beginning.

Reason it through. The east and west distances differ by ten feet, so the calls do not return to the start.

Answer. The description does not close and should be investigated rather than assumed correct.

Common exam traps

  • Starting at a benchmark instead of the point of beginning
  • Reading N 20° E as twenty degrees from east
  • Assuming every call has equal evidentiary weight
  • Ignoring failure to close

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These questions were written for instruction and mapped to the current outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.

Question 1

In metes and bounds, what are metes?

  1. A. Recorded plats
  2. B. Directions and distances
  3. C. Ownership interests
  4. D. Tax districts
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. Directions and distances

Metes measure the boundary through direction and distance; bounds use adjoining features or monuments.

Question 2

What should the final call in a complete metes-and-bounds description do?

  1. A. Reach the nearest road
  2. B. Return to the point of beginning
  3. C. Name the current owner
  4. D. State the assessed value
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: B. Return to the point of beginning

Returning to the point of beginning closes the perimeter.

Question 3

A bearing of S 15° W lies in which quadrant?

  1. A. Northeast
  2. B. Northwest
  3. C. Southeast
  4. D. Southwest
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: D. Southwest

The bearing begins south and turns toward west, placing it in the southwest quadrant.

Mastery tracking

Mark this lesson mastered only when every statement is true.

  • State the direct answer and decision rule without notes.
  • Explain every core concept in plain English.
  • Solve the worked example after changing one important fact.
  • Identify the Georgia distinction before reading answer choices.
  • Answer all three questions correctly and reject every distractor.
  • Repeat the topic in mixed practice on a later day.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with Lot and Block Legal Descriptions. Continue to roadmap lesson 53 and build on this decision rule.

Return to the Property Ownership hub to see every official branch and the complete lesson sequence for this content area.

Metes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Last reviewed August 2, 2026. Editorial standards.

Is Metes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning on the Georgia real estate exam?

Yes. It belongs to PSI's Property Ownership content area, which is 10% of the 100-question national portion. PSI publishes content-area weights, not a guaranteed question count for this individual lesson.

What is the main rule for Metes and Bounds, Bearings, Monuments, and Point of Beginning?

Find the point of beginning, trace each call in order, and confirm the last call closes the parcel.

What Georgia-specific distinction should I remember?

Georgia deed descriptions often use metes and bounds tied to recorded plats or survey monuments. Candidates do not need to conduct a survey, but they should recognize why a boundary discrepancy belongs with a licensed surveyor and closing attorney.

How do I know I have mastered this lesson?

Explain the rule without notes, solve the worked example again with changed facts, answer all original questions correctly, explain every distractor, and repeat mixed practice on a later day.