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National curriculum lesson · Contracts

Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies

Performance discharges contractual duties when completed as promised or as the law recognizes. A material breach excuses or changes the other party's duties and supports remedies. Remedies can include compensatory or liquidated damages, rescission and restitution, specific performance, or other relief, depending on the contract and law. The nonbreaching party generally must mitigate avoidable loss.

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

What is the exam-ready answer?

Performance discharges contractual duties when completed as promised or as the law recognizes. A material breach excuses or changes the other party's duties and supports remedies. Remedies can include compensatory or liquidated damages, rescission and restitution, specific performance, or other relief, depending on the contract and law. The nonbreaching party generally must mitigate avoidable loss.
Official syllabus mapping for Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies
Official syllabus topicContract Performance, Breach, and Remedies
Official PSI areaContracts
Published area weight19% of the 100-question national portion
Exam portionNational salesperson portion
Source editionPSI Georgia Candidate Information Bulletin dated July 1, 2026

The Rule

PSI publishes the weight for the complete content area, not a fixed question count for this lesson. Learn the rule well enough to apply it when PSI changes names, numbers, or parties in a new scenario.

The lesson

These ideas work together. On the exam, the wrong answers usually describe a nearby concept, so learn where each one stops.

Performance standards

Complete performance fulfills the promise. Substantial performance may allow recovery with an offset for defects, while material failure can constitute breach.

Types of breach

Actual breach occurs when performance is due. Anticipatory repudiation is a clear refusal before the due date and can trigger legal rights subject to governing law.

Damage remedies

Compensatory damages aim to place the injured party in the expected economic position. Liquidated damages use a reasonable pre-agreed amount rather than an unenforceable penalty.

Equitable remedies

Rescission unwinds the contract, usually with restitution. Specific performance orders the promised transfer or act when damages are inadequate and equitable requirements are met.

Decision rule

Identify the duty, whether the failure is material, the contract's remedy clause, and whether money can adequately address the loss.

Georgia-specific distinction

Georgia contracts and forms determine available remedies and earnest-money procedures. A licensee should not decide unilaterally who breached, release disputed trust funds without authority, or promise specific performance.

Worked example

Scenario. A seller refuses to convey a unique parcel after all buyer conditions are met.

Reason it through. Real property is considered unique, so money may not provide an adequate substitute.

Answer. The buyer may seek specific performance, subject to contract terms, proof, defenses, and court discretion.

Common exam traps

  • Calling every defect material
  • Treating liquidated damages as any penalty
  • Assuming specific performance is automatic
  • Ignoring mitigation

Original practice questions with detailed explanations

These questions were written for instruction and mapped to the current outline. They are not copied from PSI or any live examination. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.

Question 1

A seller refuses to close even though every buyer condition has been met. The buyer wants the house itself, not money. Which remedy fits that goal?

  1. A. Compensatory damages
  2. B. Rescission and restitution
  3. C. Liquidated damages
  4. D. Specific performance
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: D. Specific performance

Specific performance is a court order to carry out the promised transfer, and courts consider it because each parcel of land is unique. Compensatory damages are the wrong answer, but money is what this buyer does not want.

Question 2

What makes a liquidated damages clause in a purchase contract enforceable rather than an unenforceable penalty?

  1. A. It is a reasonable estimate of hard-to-measure loss
  2. B. It is larger than any loss the seller could suffer
  3. C. Both parties initialed it when they signed
  4. D. It is paid from earnest money held in trust
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: A. It is a reasonable estimate of hard-to-measure loss

Liquidated damages must be a reasonable advance estimate of a loss that is hard to measure, not a punishment. Initialing the clause is wrong because agreement alone cannot save an amount designed to punish.

Question 3

Three weeks before closing, a buyer emails the seller, "I will not be buying your house." What is this?

  1. A. Substantial performance
  2. B. Actual breach at closing
  3. C. Anticipatory repudiation
  4. D. Mutual rescission
Show answer and explanation →

Answer: C. Anticipatory repudiation

Anticipatory repudiation is a clear refusal to perform before performance is due, and it can give the other party rights right away. Mutual rescission is the wrong choice, but rescission needs both parties to agree, and this is one party refusing.

Ready to move on?

You are ready for the next lesson when all of these are true.

  • Explain Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies in one clear answer without notes.
  • Separate Performance standards from Types of breach using a fresh example.
  • Apply the decision rule to a new fact pattern and name the fact that controls the result.
  • State the Georgia-specific point or explain why the national rule applies unchanged.
  • Answer every practice question and explain the rule each rejected option misapplies.
  • Revisit this topic later in mixed practice without category labels.

Recommended next lesson

Continue with How Real Estate Contracts End. Breach is only one way a deal ends, and the next lesson sorts the rest: full performance, mutual rescission, release, novation, expiration and failed contingencies, including why assigning a contract does not release the original buyer.

Return to the Contracts hub to see every official branch and the complete lesson sequence for this content area.

Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies questions

Facts checked against the current PSI Candidate Information Bulletin and GREC sources. Editorial standards.

Is Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies on the Georgia real estate exam?

Yes. It belongs to PSI's Contracts content area, which is 19% of the 100-question national portion. PSI publishes content-area weights, not a guaranteed question count for this individual lesson.

What is the main rule for Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies?

Identify the duty, whether the failure is material, the contract's remedy clause, and whether money can adequately address the loss.

What Georgia-specific distinction should I remember?

Georgia contracts and forms determine available remedies and earnest-money procedures. A licensee should not decide unilaterally who breached, release disputed trust funds without authority, or promise specific performance.